Dec 11, · Sexist language is part and parcel of subtle sexism. It is the “language which devalues members of one sex, almost invariably women, and thus foster gender inequality”. In other words, sexist language consists of speeches and utterances that strengthens, perpetuates gender stereotypes and status differences between women and men Language is one of the most powerful means through which sexism and gender discrimination are perpetrated and reproduced. The content of gender stereotypes, according to which women should display communal/warmth traits and men should display agentic/competence traits, is reflected in the lexical choices of everyday communication. As a consequence, language subtly reproduces the In other words, when Dissertation Language Sexist you come to us and say, “I need somebody to write my paper”, you can rest assured that we will assign the best possible person to work Dissertation Language Sexist on your assignment. He/she will have all the necessary qualifications to work in this assignment, as well as a background offering special knowledge about the subject/10()
Sexism In English Language English Language Essay | CustomWritings
Sexism in language represents one of the major issues in sociolinguistic studies. As a phenomenon of society, sexism is reflected through language that expresses inclination in favor of one sex and treats the other one in a discriminatory manner. Characteristically, the bias is in favor of men and against women.
Thus, the language is presented as a powerful tool of patriarchy. Even though in English-speaking countries all the people are dissertation language sexist equal, discrimination against women exists and this fact is observed in language. Given this evidence, the purpose of the research is to study morphological, syntactic and semantic peculiarities of English sexist language, dissertation language sexist. The theoretical framework which influenced the elaboration of this research for the deeper insight into the problem of morphological, syntactic and semantic peculiarities of English sexist language is based on the relevant and recent works of such authors as Peter Trudgill in Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society, dissertation language sexist, Nilson, Alleen Pace and Haig Bosmajian, H Dissertation language sexist Gershung, Julia P Stanley in Sexism and Language, Nneka Umera-Okeke in Linguistic Sexism: An Overview of the English Language in Everyday Discourse and Hudson, R.
in Sociolinguistics, dissertation language sexist. These books were selected for the present research as they investigate the phenomenon of sexism in English language and they are recent studies from sociolinguistic domain. On the basis of their ideas concerning elements of sexism in English language, I will analyze and compare their assumptions and evidences about the topic under the discussion. Consequently, I will outline the similarities and differences between their points of view concerning the topic.
In addition to this, I will try to determine if they contradict or share the same ideas about the problem investigated and if their arguments are reasonable and trustful, in order to clarify if English language is a sexist one, and if it is to examine the elements of sexism in the English language which occur in the syntax, dissertation language sexist, morphology and semantics of the language.
The motivation for choosing the topic of this research proposal is based on the fact that during the last decades a lot of questions and criticisms of sexist dissertation language sexist have appeared, trying to identify whether English language is a sexist language dissertation language sexist it does not.
Thus, it would be relevant to perform a linguistic investigation of morphological, syntactic and semantic peculiarities of sexist language. On the basis of this investigation, we will identify the role language plays in the society and how it influences the social attitudes of human beings.
Taking into account the fact that women were regarded as a weaker gender dissertation language sexist society, being discriminated for a long time, it seems interesting and dissertation language sexist to explore this topic in order to identify whether this stereotyped social phenomena or subordinate status of women in society is reflected and preserved in dissertation language sexist. Due to the fact that many students encounter difficulties in determining the gender of the nouns, the results of this research will help them to distinguish between the common gender, female gender and male gender of the words and to justify their use.
This research could serve as a didactic material for teachers of sociolinguistics and help investigate the main morphological, syntactic and semantic peculiarities of sexist language. One of the most important factors in the development of the world is language, which can be interpreted as a human creation.
Taking into account the fact that humanity is divided into two spheres: the sphere of males and the spheres of females, it can be revealed a major ambiguity concerning the subject if the language is made by men or by women. Even though, English countries claim that all people are born equal, dissertation language sexist, there are a lot of inequalities between men and women.
It is put stress on this topic because according to sociolinguistic research, this inequality is reflected in language and this phenomena — sexism in language represents one of the major issues in sociolinguistic studies. According to Hudson, sexism in English languages has existed for a long time, which is reflected of the traditional ethics that men are superior to women [x; 38]. Given this evidence, it can be seen that some gender differences do exist.
Support for this interpretation comes from Peter Trudgell, through his work Sociolinguistics: Dissertation language sexist introduction to language and society [7; ], who confirms that males are above females, due to the fact that in the past there existed the myth of superiority, when the entire power was in the hands of men.
Thus, as a special social phenomenon, sexism is inevitably reflected through language and sexism in language reflects sexism in society. Thus, Robin Lakoff uses the example of master vs mistress to make the point: there are unequal connotations that surround these two matching terms — and to the detriment dissertation language sexist the female — Master has strong and powerful connotation, while mistress does not [2; 67].
Dissertation language sexist evidence seems to indicate that a sexist language also presents stereotypes of both females and males, but more often to the disadvantage of females. On this basis it may be inferred that sexist language discriminates against women. Research by Nneka Umera-Okeke, Linguistic Sexism: An Overview of the English Language in Everyday Discourse, suggests that sexist language is considered to be any language that is supposed to include all people, but unintentionally or not excludes a gender -this can be either males or females.
It is clear therefore that a look at sexist language is finding the relation between language and gender. A more plausible explanation for this phenomenon would refer to dissertation language sexist moment when many people meet difficulties of making the choices between certain words in their everyday discourses, dissertation language sexist.
For instance, they wonder which to choose — the chairman has arrived for the meeting or the chairperson has arrived when referring to a woman. This fact lends weight to the argument that a sexist language excludes women and trivializes what women do [4; 32].
Sexist language is especially common in situations that describe jobs-common assumptions include that all doctors are men, all nurses are women, all coaches are men, or all teachers are women. These examples lend strong support to the fact that a sexist language transmits the stereotypes.
Given this evidence it can be seen dissertation language sexist sexist language is a verbal communication that transmit those attitudes and behaviors, dissertation language sexist. Additionally to this, a sexist language can be viewed as an instrument used by the members of the society to damage someone.
Cameron rightly points out that a language can be called sexist if it represents or name the world from a masculine viewpoint. In other words, sexist language refers to the use of language expressions in such a way that it constitutes an unbalanced portrayal of the sexes. This fact becomes clear when Slovenko examines English language stating that except for words that refer to female by definition mother, actress, Congresswomanand words for occupations traditionally held by females nurse, secretary, dissertation language sexist, prostitutethe English language defines everyone as male [6; 78].
Concluding this subchapter designed to the analysis of the definitions of sexist language, it can be entailed the fact that the sexist language excludes, marginalizes or discriminates against people on the basis of their gender and creates an unfair distinction between women and men.
Sexism in language in general comes in three major forms: language ignores women; it defines women as less significant than men; and it completely opposes women. They can be located in the generic masculine terms. Thus, the sexist language is the use of words that dissertation language sexist stereotyped gender roles.
Sexism in English is built up during a long period of the development of language, which leads to the variety of the causes. Thus, in the study An Analysis of Sexism in English Language, there are enumerated four factors which cause the appearance of sexism in language: [11]. From the order of the birth, it is obvious to see the different importance of man and woman. Thus, man and woman are not equal at all because woman is only a part of man, which itself is the discrimination against women.
Additionally to this, dissertation language sexist, it is known the fact that the first sin was also committed by the woman. Consequently, dissertation language sexist, the woman was punished to bring forth children in pain and was ruled over by the man.
These two examples reveal the superiority of men and inferiority of women. In fact, the Holy Bible is actually a book of dissertation language sexist and as Christianity is such a powerful religion in Western countries, it is clear therefore that this religious factor consolidate the inferiority of women, dissertation language sexist.
Due to the fact that men are stronger than women from physiological point of view, it can be stated that this fact determines that men play a more and more important role in social and economic lives. Women are treated as the weaker ones and they realize their own values through their marriages to men.
At last, dissertation language sexist, women are lower in status. They have to leech on to men and are dominated by men, dissertation language sexist. Gradually, people begin to discriminate women and think that they are inferior in intelligence. This wrong perspective reflects in language [7; 37]. Feminists all claim that we live in a patriarchal society: a society of men, ruled by men and for men.
Patriarchy depicts men as the perfect norm against which women are measured and found lacking. Both the Western and Eastern societies use sex, to one degree or another, in allocating tasks, activities, rights, and responsibilities. As for the job done by men and women, there is a long-stereotyped notion of what they can do. At last, men had dominance over women, and women had to be dependent on men.
This was the turning point for women. Thus the sexism in the society has been in existence, the embodiment of which is necessarily the sexism of language.
Guimei He in his work An Analysis of Sexism in English, adds that this factor is in a strong correlation with labor division [11], dissertation language sexist.
Because of the social and cultural factors, women are always considered to be the weak. People treat women as inferior to men. They educate men to be manly, decisive, and brave while women are required to be polite, dissertation language sexist, obedient, dissertation language sexist, and gentle. Because women are in subordinate status in the society, they have to constrain their emotion and give up their own need to meet the satisfaction of men. As time passes, when speaking women pay more attention to the elegance and standard of language than men.
And they are taught to speak softly, to avoid contradicting others, to be obedient in communication, and to be aware of giving cues of strong confidence. They mould themselves to be inferior in their potential sub consciousness. Dissertation language sexist, women try their best to strengthen their social status through their speech than men do. This also suggests that women are in a lower position in the society.
Additionally to this, dissertation language sexist, Xiang Xu in his study The Sexism in English and Dissertation language sexist Rebuilding, claims that history development also had a strong influence to the appearance of sexism in language. Thus, he exemplifies that from ancient time on, the ruling position in western society is almost held by male persons.
After climbing to the high position, men began to look down upon women. This attitude could influence the ideology of the whole society. In the 14th century, Chaucer, dissertation language sexist, who is concieved as the Father of English language, created a great deal of terms, later, Milton and Dissertation language sexist competitively invented new words.
In order to identify if English Language is a sexist language, we are going to focus on the identification and examination of elements of sexism which occur in the syntax, morphology and semantics of English Language.
In English Language, derivation is a way of word formation with the help of derivational morphemes — affixes and suffixes. It forms a word with meaning and category distinct from that of its base through the addition of an affix.
These affixes often change the part of the stem. Thus, affixes help us to identify relationships within words, dissertation language sexist. The affixes are always bound morphemes, which carries information about meaning or function. Referring to the English lexicon, Guimei He in his study An Analysis of Sexism in English, claims that in the English lexicon one of the most obvious evidences of the sexism is the affixes which lead to a view of women as a derivation from a male term [11].
The feminine one is always derivative of the masculine one by adding a feminine suffix such as -ess and -ette. And as for -ette, when usher is adhered to -ette, it becomes usherette.
Such pairs of the words are of long lists in English lexicon. Here just list some of them:. Rovano lends weight to the argument that this kind of word-formation seems to tell that women are derived from men and attached to the men [3; ]. On dissertation language sexist basis it can be inferred the fact that the addition of a feminine suffix to masculine human agent nouns usually does more than simply change the gender reference of the word, it often attaches a meaning of triviality, of lesser status or dependence to the term.
It shows that woman is affiliated to man, so it is a kind of linguistic discrimination against women. But with further insight into the meaning of such pairs, Randall mentions that stereotyping in the terms governor and governess, dissertation language sexist, and bachelor and spinster, the masculine and feminine forms have vastly differing connotations [8; ].
Thus, he exemplifies that the suffix-ess not only marks the secondary position of the feminine words but also connotes the relationship between the female and male reference to the pair of words. Let us compare the pair of governor with governess. Governor is a ruler of a country, city and associates with power and high social status as well as honor and dignity; while governess is a woman dissertation language sexist to teach young children in their home.
How our language reveals our thoughts on equality - Anne Phillips - TEDxCourtauldInstitute
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